BITCHIN' BIBLIOGRAPHY ON BANNED BOOKS
Censorship can
be an ugly thing, but it's been around even before the printed word.
Like murder and rape, it doesn't seem to be ugly enough for us, as a species,
to wipe it out of existence. And yet, like murder and rape, it needs to be.
It was believed that Ovid was exiled by Emperor Augustus due to his writings,
but it turned out to be something a bit more political.
400 years before the Common Era, Plato suggested the removal of material from
Homer's Odyssey for immature readers. Hell, Caligula tried to suppress
it completely.
In 325 C.E. the Council of Nicaea gathers to decide what writings should be
kept, and which others to discard, for a book that would later be called The
Bible. It was such fun, they did it again in 787.
Speaking of which, many Christians will say that The Bible was the first
banned book, and, while it was not, I wonder how many are aware that because
of their book, many other similar works by Gnostic sects are now lost.
The Catholic Church began their first list of banned books in 1559, though they
began banning books in 1514. The Index Librorum Prohibitorum or "List
of Prohibited Books" was done away with only by a decree of Pope Paul VI
in 1966. Even so, Catholics still try to tell you what books to read and what
films to see.
In 1818 Shakespeare received a reworking for decent folk, titled Family Shakespeare.
This unforgivable act was committed by English physician Thomas Bowdler, who
upon retiring from medicine thought reading Shakespeare to be a necessity for
children - so long as it wasn't the actual works of Shakespeare. Now, thanks
to him, we have the word "bowdlerize".
Well, if knowledge is power, then books are dangerous.
When books flood the streets, blood will flow there as well!
Or, at least, that seems to be what those in charge have thought all along,
as once printing became cheap, and books were available to the "common
man" - thank you Guttenberg - it became policy, by governments since the
beginning of government, to ban books.
Some bans are funny, like the 1931 banning of Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures
in Wonderland in the Hunan providence of China, because it portrayed animals
that spoke, and acted like humans.
Better yet, in 1966 a Yugoslavian court order had to ban the Dictionary of
Modern Serbo-Croatian Language by Milo Moskovljevi?, as many of the
definitions were not only poor, but fist-fight worthy.
Some aren't so funny: The Diaries of Anne Frank was banned in Lebanon
for "portraying Jews, Israel or Zionism favorably". They also banned
Sophie's Choice by William Styron, Thomas Friedman's From Beirut to
Jerusalem, and even entire titles by authors, such as Philip Roth and Saul
Bellow. All of it helping to brood calls of Muslim anti-Semitism, but then they
go and ban the over-hyped The DaVinci Code, when a Catholic board deems
it offensive to Christians.
Well, Christians use the word "kyke" too, I guess. I forget that anti-Semitism
is a world sport.
Anyhow, no country is blameless, and though many do look towards the States
for progressive action, we're just as guilty by sometimes being frightened witch-hunters.
Southern U.S. states banned Uncle Tom's Cabin, and the writings of Harriet
Beecher Stowe send half the country fighting the other half.
The United States had book burnings from the mid-1800s to the 1950s, reaching
its zenith in 1957 by throwing author Wilhelm Reich in jail over his books.
By far, the U.S. has some of the strangest bans. It hated Fanny Hill
(by John Cleland) so much, that it banned it in 1821, and then again in 1963.
It was the last book to be banned by a court in the U.S., until 2003, when a
judge ordered Irwin Schiff's 13 year old book, The Federal Mafia, to
be removed from store shelves.
In the early 1960s, Naked Lunch was banned, or threatened to be banned,
to an extent where it helped William Burroughs become the first man to get rich
off of nonsensically rambling.
And one has to ask, "Why were all German copies of George Orwell's Animal
Farm confiscated by the Allies after the war?"
The United States can be bad, but we're not terrible. There really was a lot
worse going on out there.
In the 50s, the U.S.S.R. banned everything Orwellian, not to mention almost
anything else that had pages, or wasn't The Communist Manifesto itself.
South Korea put out a list in 2008, which banned their military from reading
23 specific books, including Noam Chomsky's Year 501: The Conquest Continues
and Bad Samaritans: The Myth of Free Trade and the Secret History of Capitalism
by Ha-Joon Chan. Though I don't agree, I can understand those two titles being
on the list, but why did they add the novel A Spoon on Earth by Hyeon
Gi-yeong?
Sometimes, these matters can get kinda personal.
For instance, Pakistan banned copies of Stanley Wolpert's biography Jinnah
of Pakistan, after the book made mention of Pakistan's founder, Muhammed
Ali Jinnah, having a huge crush on pork and wine. The book The King Never
Smiles reached the same fate in Thailand, when they believed author Paul
M. Handley was messing with their King Bhumibol Adulyadej.
Other times, it's otherworldly, as when Salman Rushdie had a five million dollar
price tag on his head, when the Ayatollah considered his work blasphemous against
Islam. The book is still banned in Indonesia, Bangladesh and Iran.
There were bans then, and still are bans today.
Charlemagne's four-volume refutation of Nicaea's Second Council, Libri Carolini,
was hated by the Church so much in 790 C.E., that it did not see the light of
day until 1549. Johannes Kepler had his Astronomia nova placed on the
Catholic's shit list in 1609. Daniel Defoe's 1722 novel Moll Flanders
was one of the first pieces of fiction to be banned. Radclyffe Hall's The
Well of Loneliness was banned in 1928 Britain due to lesbian themes. In
the 1990s, Germany outlawed The Turner Diaries by William Pierce, due
to its calls for racial war. Today, China probably bands more books than they
produce.
The biggest problem is, unlike murder and rape, no one cares about book censorship.
That is probably because no one reads books anymore, as almost every literary
work and politico-religious philosophic idea are now available on the internet.
Wait a sec! Doesn't that just stream into our homes?
Shit! The government's going to be at all of our doors any minute now!
Oh wait, never mind... they already found a shortcut through our bedrooms.